ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘

ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืœืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื”-
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœื ื–ืงื™ ื’ื•ืฃ (ืคืฆื™ืขื” ืื• ืžื•ื•ืช) ื”ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื’ืจื ืœื ื”ื’, ืœื ื•ืกืขื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืจื›ื‘ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืชืื•ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื
ืขืœ ืคื™ "ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘ ืžื ื•ืขื™" ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื”

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:
ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช
ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืขืœ ืื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื›ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฉืชื›ืจื•ืช
ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ืœ ื•ื›ืื‘ื™ื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชืื•ื ื”

ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ืœืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืงื•ื‘ืข ื”ืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง. ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื ืงื‘ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืขืฆืžืŸ

ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืงื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืืช ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” (ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”) ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:
ื ืคื— ื”ืžื ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—
ืกื•ื’ ื”ืจื›ื‘: ืคืจื˜ื™ ืื• ืžืกื—ืจื™
ืžืกืคืจ ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—
ื’ื™ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื•ืชืง ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœื•
ืžืกืคืจ ืคืกื™ืœื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
ืžืกืคืจ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
ื˜ื™ืค: ื›ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ื›ืš ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื•ื–ื™ืœ ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆื“ ื’'
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืœื ื–ืงื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉื ื’ืจืžื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—. (ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืจื›ื‘ ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื— ืฉืคื’ืข ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืื• ื‘ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื›ื‘, ื›ืžื• ื’ื“ืจ ืžื‘ื ื” ื•ื›ื• )

ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืงื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืืช ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” (ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”) ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:
ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ (ื’ื™ืœื•, ื•ืชืง ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืชื™. ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ืœื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืื• ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœื’ืจื™ืžืช ืชืื•ื ื”)

ย 

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ืžืกืคืง ืœืžื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืœื ื–ืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืœืจื›ื‘ื•. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ืžืกืคืง ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืฉืงื˜ ื”ื ืคืฉื™ ืžืคื ื™ ืžืงืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”, ื ื–ืง ื‘ืชืื•ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื• ืคืจื™ืฆื” ืœืจื›ื‘.
ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ื‘ื™ืœืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื•ืœืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื›ื

ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ:
ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘
ืื‘ื“ืŸ ืžืœื (Total loss)
ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืคืจื™ืฆื” ืœืจื›ื‘ ื•ืืฃ ื ื–ืง ืžืคืจื™ืฆื” ืื• ืžื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”
ืžืงืจื” ืชืื•ื ื” ืื• ื ื–ืง ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ
ืžืงืจื™ ื ื–ืงื™ ื˜ื‘ืข โ€“ ืกืขืจื•ืช, ื ื–ืงื™ ืืฉ ื•ืฉื™ื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžืขื˜ ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืื“ืžื”
ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœืžืงืจื” ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

ื”ืื ืฉืงืœืชื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื•ื”ืื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉืืชื ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื?
ื”ืื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ื?
ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืคื•ืœื™ืกืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื›ื .
ื‘ืืคืจืชื™, ืชื“ืขื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขืœ ืžื” ืืชื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ืชื”ื ื• ืžื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื•ืช. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš ืชื”ื ื• ืžื™ื—ืก ื—ื, ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™.

ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื

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ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช

ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช

ืคืจื˜ื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ื

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื ื”ื’

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื ืงื•ื‘ื™ื

ื ื”ื’ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ

ื ื”ื’ ืฉื ื™

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช

ื”ืขื“ืจ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช